Orthopedics

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability and chronic pain. With advances in modern medicine improving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many diseases that were once life-threatening, the population is now living longer. This increased life expectancy has led to an increased burden of degenerative conditions including osteoarthritis. The disease commonly affects the weight bearing joints, formed 40%-60% of the musculoskeletal disorders. Recently, stem cell treatment have obtained promising results in this area and provided remarkable regeneration of joint cartilage and became a considerable alternative of the nonsurgical options [1, 2, 3].

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the patient’s immune system generates cellular and antibody responses to various components of the joint such as type I collagen. As a result of this immune response, not only does joint destruction occur, but also other secondary complications such as pulmonary fibrosis, renal damage, and even heart damage.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to repair tissues and organs by differentiating in the line of mesenchymal tissues, as well as the ability to immunomodulate. Introduced MSCs can migrate to injured tissues and help repair damaged cells [1].

Cultured mesenchymal stem cells can be administered several times during the course of treatment in the required doses, cell rejection does not occur, and compliance with human leukocyte antigen (Human Leucocyte Antigen, HLA) is not required, in addition, mesenchymal stem cells themselves act as immunoids. There is no need to isolate stem cells from the bone marrow or fat of a patient under anesthesia, which is an additional invasive procedure, especially for young children.

Results of the therapy always depend on a condition and individual profile. Expected improvements are:

• Reduce inflammation
• Reduce pain
• Reduce scarring
• Immunoregulatory properties
• Regeneration of bones and cartilage
• Increase the elasticity of the ligaments
• Increasing the functional activity of the joints
• Reduction of scars
• Reducing the need for medication